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    Check out cifor-icraf.org!

    The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR and World Agroforestry (ICRAF) joined forces in 2019, leveraging a combined 65 years’ experience in research on the role of forests and trees in solving critical global challenges.

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    World Agroforestry (ICRAF) is a centre of science and development excellence that harnesses the benefits of trees for people and the environment. Leveraging the world’s largest repository of agroforestry science and information, we develop knowledge practices, from farmers’ fields to the global sphere, to ensure food security and environmental sustainability.

     

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    Driven by our vision of a world where all people have viable livelihoods supported by healthy and productive landscapes, our global team of science, research, development, institutional and resource professionals seeks to better combine the science of discovery with the science of delivery. To realize this vision, we focus on four key interacting themes: By combining more productive trees with more resilient and profitable agricultural systems and a sounder understanding of the health of the soil, land and people that is part of ‘greener’, better governed landscapes, we offer valuable and timely knowledge products and services to the global community as it tackles the major challenges of the Anthropocene. These include dealing with climate change; low soil carbon; widespread forest, tree and soil loss leading to degradation; poverty; demographic upheavals and conflict; and securing equitable futures for all with a special focus on women and children.

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    • Discover Agroforestry
    A climate change atlas for Africa of tree species prioritized for forest landscape…

    Our Climate Change Atlas for African trees shows how alterations in environmental condi

    Read More
    The Resources for Tree Planting Platform

    The Resources for Tree Planting Platform explains how to go about sourcing good quality

    Read More
    Agroforestry Species Switchboard: a synthesis of information sources to support tree research and development activities. Version 3.0
    Agroforestry Species Switchboard: a synthesis of information sources to support tree…
    Suggested citation: Kindt R, John I, Dawson IK, Graudal L, Lillesø J-P B, Ordonez J, Jamnadass R. 2022. Agroforestry Species Switchboard: a synthesis of information sources to…
    Read More

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P1130992
Agroforestry as an effective means to implementing REDD+ in Africa
Back
Date
14 Jan 2016
Author
Susan Onyango
Subject
Climate Change, Conferences, Natural Resource Management, Land Degradation, Land Rehabilitation, Reforestation

Jumlah petani penghasil bibit di Gorontalo, Indonesia kini semakin bertambah. Kini mereka memiliki alternatif pendapatan melalui produksi bibit berbagai komoditi pohon yang dibutuhkan. World Agroforestry Centre melalui proyek AgFor Sulawesi berbagi pengetahuan dan pengalaman baru dalam pemasaran bibit.

Beberapa penyuluh AgFor yang sedang bekerja di Gorontalo. Foto oleh: World Agroforestry Centre

Pembibitan pohon merupakan suatu jenis usaha baru bagi petani di Gorontalo. Biasanya, di saat mereka membutuhkan biji (benih) atau bibit pohon, ada dua pilihan yang biasanya dilakukan: pertama, menunggu pemerintah untuk melakukan distribusi benih/bibit (umumnya kakao atau jagung); dan yang kedua, adalah membeli bibit. Untuk periode jangka pendek, hal ini tidaklah menjadi masalah, tapi ketika kebutuhan akan benih dan bibit bertambah, diperlukan solusi untuk mendapatkannya.

Distribusi plasma nutfah (benih dan bibit) dari pemerintah: ini bukan merupakan sesuatu yang terjadi secara rutin karena sepenuhnya bergantung pada anggaran provinsi dan rencana kerja pemerintah setempat. Pada umumnya plasma nutfah yang dibagikan hanya satu jenis tanaman saja, seperti benih jagung dan bergantung pada hasil penilaian yang dilakukan peneliti dan penyuluh pertanian terhadap kecocokan lahan.

Pembelian benih dan bibit: hal ini biasa dilakukan ketika petani tidak memperoleh distribusi benih dan bibit dari pemerintah. Produksi bibit di Gorontalo masih terbatas jumlahnya dan ini menyebabkan harganya menjadi mahal. Banyak petani yang memilih untuk membeli bibit di Buol, Palu atau Manado untuk kemudian dipakai di desanya di Provinsi Gorontalo. Pilihan ini memang membutuhkan usaha tambahan untuk mendapatkan bibit yang diinginkan. Akan tetapi hal ini tetap menjadi pilihan banyak petani karena pengeluarannya tetap lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan langsung membeli bibit di kota Gorontalo dengan keterbatasan jumlah produksi.

Ibu Suhartini di tempat pembibitan pohon miliknya. Foto oleh: World Agroforestry Centre - Amy Lumban Gaol

“Sejak saya pindah ke Gorontalo tahun 2011 saya merasakan sendiri kurangnya jumlah bibit yang diproduksi di sini,” kata Ibu Suhartini, seorang penangkar bibit di Gorontalo. “Saat ini saya memproduksi kurang lebih 200.000 bibit per tahun, tapi dengan jumlah sebesar itu pun masih belum bisa memenuhi kebutuhan bibit di Gorontalo.”

Kurangnya sumber daya manusia dan harga yang tidak stabil merupakan beberapa faktor penyebab yang mempengaruhi situasi ini. Faktor lainnya adalah kurangnya jaringan/akses timbal balik antara penangkar dan petani.

Dengan kondisi ini, World Agroforestry Centre, melalui proyek Agroforestry and Forestry (AgFor) in Sulawesi didanai oleh Departemen Luar Negeri, Perdagangan, dan Pembangunan Kanadaa, memberikan solusi melalui pelatihan dan berbagi pengetahuan mengenai pembibitan pohon dan akses pemasaran bagi petani ke pedagang lokal atau penangkar.

Sebagai provinsi termuda yang menjalankan proyek AgFor di akhir tahun 2014, Gorontalo memiliki sejumlah besar petani yang untuk didampingi: 22 kelompok dari 11 desa. Secara keseluruhan, tidak kurang dari 489 petani telah mendapatkan pendampingan dalam hal pembibitan.

“Pada awalnya, target pembuatan pembibitan pohon ini dimaksudkan supaya kelompok sasaran dan anggotanya dapat memanfaatkan bibit yang dihasilkan untuk penanaman di kebun sendiri,” kata Awaluddin, Fasilitator Akses Pemasaran AgFor Sulawesi di Gorontalo. “Kami membantu penyediaan benih berdasarkan permintaan dan kebutuhan para petani setempat. Cengkeh, durian, kakao, pala, lada, kopi bahkan nangka adalah beberapa jenis pohon yang diinginkan para petani untuk ditanam di kebunnya. Mengingat tidak banyak kelompok dan petani yang menjadi sasaran proyek AgFor, kami berusaha membuat ilmu pengetahuan dan sarana yang diberikan kepada kelompok ini juga dapat bernilai usaha yaitu melalui produksi bibit secara berkesinambungan untuk dijual kepada para petani atau pengguna bibit lainnya yang membutuhkan.”

Sampai awal tahun 2015, berbagai kegiatan dampingan dilakukan oleh tim AgFor Sulawesi di Gorontalo, di antaranya adalah 14 pelatihan peningkatan kapasitas pengelolaan agroforestri dan kehutanan, 76 kegiatan pengelolaan pembibitan serta berbagai lokakarya dan pelatihan perbanyakan pohon.

“Saya sangat senang dan lega dengan adanya petani binaan AgFor ini. Mereka dapat membantu penyediaan  bibit di saat produksi bibit saya tidak dapat mencukupi permintaan pasar. Situasi ini sama-sama menguntungkan – saya tahu siapa yang harus dihubungi untuk mendapat tambahan bibit; dan mereka (para petani) menghasilkan tambahan pendapatan dengan menjual bibitnya kepada saya,” lanjut Ibu Suhartini.

Meskipun perkembangan ini merupakan sebuah pencapaian di Gorontalo, upaya untuk peningkatan produksi bibit tampaknya masih perlu dilanjutkan. Undang-Undang No.12/1992 mengenai sistem budi daya tanaman mengatakan bahwa hanya bibit yang bersertifikat dan memenuhi standar mutu pemerintah saja yang dapat dijual atau dipasarkan. Selanjutnya bibit yang lulus sertifikasi akan mendapat label untuk bisa diedarkan.

Beberapa contoh pembibitan milik Ibu Suhartini. Foto oleh: World Agroforestry Centre/Amy Lumban Gaol

Peraturan tersebut bertujuan untuk memberikan jaminan dan perlindungan kepada semua pengguna bibit untuk mendapatkannya dalam kondisi sehat dan bagus; sehingga dapat membatasi kemungkinan meluasnya suatu hama atau penyakit tanaman.

Sehubungan dengan pentingnya sertifikasi ini, tim AgFor Sulawesi memberikan dampingan administrasi kepada para petani supaya mereka dapat memproduksi dan menjual bibit berkualitas tinggi secara mandiri. Tim AgFor Sulawesi juga akan terus bekerja sama dengan para petani di Gorontalo, berbagi pengetahuan dan memberikan dorongan pada mereka untuk berbagi ilmu pembibitan pohon kepada petani lain di seluruh provinsi sehingga melalui kegiatan pembibitan tersebut pendapatan keluarga meningkat dan juga persediaan pangan sebagai implikasi dari perbaikan pendapatan keluarga dapat lebih terjamin dibandingkan saat mereka hanya bertanam jagung saja.

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