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    The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR and World Agroforestry (ICRAF) joined forces in 2019, leveraging a combined 65 years’ experience in research on the role of forests and trees in solving critical global challenges.

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  • About
    About

    World Agroforestry (ICRAF) is a centre of science and development excellence that harnesses the benefits of trees for people and the environment. Leveraging the world’s largest repository of agroforestry science and information, we develop knowledge practices, from farmers’ fields to the global sphere, to ensure food security and environmental sustainability.

     

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  • Research
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    Driven by our vision of a world where all people have viable livelihoods supported by healthy and productive landscapes, our global team of science, research, development, institutional and resource professionals seeks to better combine the science of discovery with the science of delivery. To realize this vision, we focus on four key interacting themes: By combining more productive trees with more resilient and profitable agricultural systems and a sounder understanding of the health of the soil, land and people that is part of ‘greener’, better governed landscapes, we offer valuable and timely knowledge products and services to the global community as it tackles the major challenges of the Anthropocene. These include dealing with climate change; low soil carbon; widespread forest, tree and soil loss leading to degradation; poverty; demographic upheavals and conflict; and securing equitable futures for all with a special focus on women and children.

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    A climate change atlas for Africa of tree species prioritized for forest landscape…

    Our Climate Change Atlas for African trees shows how alterations in environmental condi

    Read More
    The Resources for Tree Planting Platform

    The Resources for Tree Planting Platform explains how to go about sourcing good quality

    Read More
    Agroforestry Species Switchboard: a synthesis of information sources to support tree research and development activities. Version 3.0
    Agroforestry Species Switchboard: a synthesis of information sources to support tree…
    Suggested citation: Kindt R, John I, Dawson IK, Graudal L, Lillesø J-P B, Ordonez J, Jamnadass R. 2022. Agroforestry Species Switchboard: a synthesis of information sources to…
    Read More

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    © 2023 World Agroforestry All rights reserved.
    To report issues related to research ethics, fraud, harassment and other forms of wrongdoing visit the ICRAF Anonymous Reporting Platform
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    World Agroforestry works throughout the Global South with footprints in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Our activities span over 44 countries in six regions. Each office oversees, plans, coordinates and supports initiatives within their region, and maintains liaisons and partnerships with governments, development partners, learning institutions and civil society

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    © 2023 World Agroforestry All rights reserved.
    To report issues related to research ethics, fraud, harassment and other forms of wrongdoing visit the ICRAF Anonymous Reporting Platform
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    Use dirt solution for carbon pollution, says expert
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    In Kenya, a community regrew its forest — and redefined reforestation success
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    © 2023 World Agroforestry All rights reserved.
    To report issues related to research ethics, fraud, harassment and other forms of wrongdoing visit the ICRAF Anonymous Reporting Platform
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  • CIFOR-ICRAF
    Check out cifor-icraf.org!

    The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR and World Agroforestry (ICRAF) joined forces in 2019, leveraging a combined 65 years’ experience in research on the role of forests and trees in solving critical global challenges.

    CIFOR-ICRAF sub menu

    • Home
    • About
    • Research
    • Locations
    • Knowledge
    • News
    • Events

    Footer menu

    • About Us
    • Contact
    • Careers
    • Tree Seed Info
    • Agroforestry World
    • CIFOR-ICRAF privacy notice
    • Corporate Documents
    • Labs
    • Intranet
    • Global Landscapes Forum
    © 2023 World Agroforestry All rights reserved.
    To report issues related to research ethics, fraud, harassment and other forms of wrongdoing visit the ICRAF Anonymous Reporting Platform
    Stay informed

    ICRAF publishes content on a regular basis. Subscribe and stay up-to-date on the latest news and trends on agroforestry

    Subscribe
  • About
    About

    World Agroforestry (ICRAF) is a centre of science and development excellence that harnesses the benefits of trees for people and the environment. Leveraging the world’s largest repository of agroforestry science and information, we develop knowledge practices, from farmers’ fields to the global sphere, to ensure food security and environmental sustainability.

     

    About menu

    • About ICRAF
    • Our History
    • Corporate Documents
    • CIFOR-ICRAF Merger
    • What is Agroforestry?

    About Us Submenu

    • Board of Trustees
    • Management Team
    • Careers
    • Policies and Guidelines

    Footer menu

    • About Us
    • Contact
    • Careers
    • Tree Seed Info
    • Agroforestry World
    • CIFOR-ICRAF privacy notice
    • Corporate Documents
    • Labs
    • Intranet
    • Global Landscapes Forum
    © 2023 World Agroforestry All rights reserved.
    To report issues related to research ethics, fraud, harassment and other forms of wrongdoing visit the ICRAF Anonymous Reporting Platform
    Stay informed

    ICRAF publishes content on a regular basis. Subscribe and stay up-to-date on the latest news and trends on agroforestry

    Subscribe
  • Research
    Research

    Driven by our vision of a world where all people have viable livelihoods supported by healthy and productive landscapes, our global team of science, research, development, institutional and resource professionals seeks to better combine the science of discovery with the science of delivery. To realize this vision, we focus on four key interacting themes: By combining more productive trees with more resilient and profitable agricultural systems and a sounder understanding of the health of the soil, land and people that is part of ‘greener’, better governed landscapes, we offer valuable and timely knowledge products and services to the global community as it tackles the major challenges of the Anthropocene. These include dealing with climate change; low soil carbon; widespread forest, tree and soil loss leading to degradation; poverty; demographic upheavals and conflict; and securing equitable futures for all with a special focus on women and children.

    Research Menu

    • Research Areas
    • Publications
    • Programmes
    • Projects
    • Resource Centre
    • Discover Agroforestry
    A climate change atlas for Africa of tree species prioritized for forest landscape…

    Our Climate Change Atlas for African trees shows how alterations in environmental condi

    Read More
    The Resources for Tree Planting Platform

    The Resources for Tree Planting Platform explains how to go about sourcing good quality

    Read More
    Agroforestry Species Switchboard: a synthesis of information sources to support tree research and development activities. Version 3.0
    Agroforestry Species Switchboard: a synthesis of information sources to support tree…
    Suggested citation: Kindt R, John I, Dawson IK, Graudal L, Lillesø J-P B, Ordonez J, Jamnadass R. 2022. Agroforestry Species Switchboard: a synthesis of information sources to…
    Read More

    Footer menu

    • About Us
    • Contact
    • Careers
    • Tree Seed Info
    • Agroforestry World
    • CIFOR-ICRAF privacy notice
    • Corporate Documents
    • Labs
    • Intranet
    • Global Landscapes Forum
    © 2023 World Agroforestry All rights reserved.
    To report issues related to research ethics, fraud, harassment and other forms of wrongdoing visit the ICRAF Anonymous Reporting Platform
    Stay informed

    ICRAF publishes content on a regular basis. Subscribe and stay up-to-date on the latest news and trends on agroforestry

    Subscribe
  • Regions
    Regions

    World Agroforestry works throughout the Global South with footprints in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Our activities span over 44 countries in six regions. Each office oversees, plans, coordinates and supports initiatives within their region, and maintains liaisons and partnerships with governments, development partners, learning institutions and civil society

    Region menu

    • Eastern & Southern Africa
    • West & Central Africa
    • Latin America
    • East & Central Asia
    • South Asia
    • Southeast Asia
    Eswatini
    Ethiopia
    Kenya
    Lesotho
    Malawi
    Rwanda
    Somalia
    Tanzania
    Uganda
    Zambia
    China
    Kyrgyzstan
    Brazil
    Costa Rica
    Honduras
    Nicaragua
    Panama
    Peru
    Cameroon
    Côte d’Ivoire
    Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC)
    Mali
    Niger
    Nigeria
    Indonesia
    Myanmar
    Philippines
    Thailand
    Vietnam
    Afghanistan
    Bangladesh
    Bhutan
    India
    Nepal
    Pakistan
    Sri Lanka

    Footer menu

    • About Us
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    • Tree Seed Info
    • Agroforestry World
    • CIFOR-ICRAF privacy notice
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    • Labs
    • Intranet
    • Global Landscapes Forum
    © 2023 World Agroforestry All rights reserved.
    To report issues related to research ethics, fraud, harassment and other forms of wrongdoing visit the ICRAF Anonymous Reporting Platform
    Stay informed

    ICRAF publishes content on a regular basis. Subscribe and stay up-to-date on the latest news and trends on agroforestry

    Subscribe
  • Newsroom
    Newsroom

    Keep up to date with our latest news stories. Learn about our innovative research, programmes and global partnerships.

    News&Events Menu

    • Press Releases
    • ICRAF in the Media
    • News
    Use dirt solution for carbon pollution, says expert
    Read More
    In Kenya, a community regrew its forest — and redefined reforestation success
    Read More
    Our Global Food Systems Are Rife with Injustice: Here’s How We Can Change This
    Read More

    Footer menu

    • About Us
    • Contact
    • Careers
    • Tree Seed Info
    • Agroforestry World
    • CIFOR-ICRAF privacy notice
    • Corporate Documents
    • Labs
    • Intranet
    • Global Landscapes Forum
    © 2023 World Agroforestry All rights reserved.
    To report issues related to research ethics, fraud, harassment and other forms of wrongdoing visit the ICRAF Anonymous Reporting Platform
    Stay informed

    ICRAF publishes content on a regular basis. Subscribe and stay up-to-date on the latest news and trends on agroforestry

    Subscribe
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Design and calibration of tipping bucket system for field runoff and sediment quantification
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Year
1997

Authors
Khan A A H, Ong C K
In
  • Journal articles
Access
Source
keywords
  • bucket system
  • Kenya
Region
Eastern Africa
This paper describes a low cost tipping bucket system for measuring runoff and soil loss from field plots ranging in size from 25 to 50 m2 (29.89 to 59.79 yd2). It has been designed to minimise errors due to siltation caused by slow flow rates and errors due to instability caused by high flow rates. The resolution of this system for a 50 m2 (59.79 yd2) plot is 0.06 mm (0.0023 in) of runoff and is capable of measuring a maximum rate of 110 mm h?1 (4.33 in h?1). The number of tips can be monitored manually by a magnetic counter or automatically in real time by a datalogger. Soil loss is sampled by either a sediment pipe or a cotton bag. Field calibration indicates the maximum error in estimating flow rate is 2% and is close to the value observed by manual measurements. At a soil loss of 7 t ha?1 (3.125 t ac?1), the sampler pipe overestimated soil loss by 10%, compared to 6% by bag sampler, and 33% by manual measurements. The main advantage of the pipe sampler is the ability to measure high rates of soil loss, with a maximum of 81 t ha?1 (36.16 t ac?1), whereas the bag sampler is more suitable for low soil loss, less than 8 t ha?1 (3.57 t ac?1), and is less laborious than the pipe sampler.

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© 2023 World Agroforestry All rights reserved.
To report issues related to research ethics, fraud, harassment and other forms of wrongdoing visit the ICRAF Anonymous Reporting Platform
Stay informed

ICRAF publishes content on a regular basis. Subscribe and stay up-to-date on the latest news and trends on agroforestry

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