Tree domestication includes any activities that brings trees into wider cultivation to provide people food, building material, medicine, other tree products, or income from the sales of tree products. It may also positively influence the conservation of endangered species or the provision of environmental services. Research on tree domestication is not merely focused on integrating trees on farm or community land ,but also must consider socio-cultural-economic factors and institutional aspects that influenced the domestication process. Gender is an important factor in tree domestication that has not been sufficiently researched to date. Women and men have different set of knowledge, experiences,and strategies in addressing tree propagation, management, utilization and marketing (KiptotandFranzel,2011).This study investigated gender roles in selecting priority species and the domestication of economically important species in South and Southeast Sulawesi.