Mapping capital flows to sustainable land use1 (SLU) in emerging and frontier markets helps us to understand how to match activities to investors. It also provides insights into the way that we can sequence different kinds of investment to support the growth of such enterprises and take them to maturity. The aim of this paper and the mapping process that informs it is to identify current patterns of sustainable land use investment, as well as changes over the last decades and possible future trends. We also consider the factors that drive sustainable land use investment and the barriers to scaled -up capital flows. In the process, we have identified a series of major data gaps. Developing an accurate picture of global sustainable land use investment in aggregate, particularly with a high level of geographic granularity, is simply not possible with currently available information. It is evident that public money still dominates finance for sustainable land use. Private investment has been growing but from a very low base. Private finance that does enter this sphere is still driven in whole or in part by ethical considerations. However, there are signs that sustainable land use investment is becoming more attractive to mainstream investors. There is growing recognition that sustainable land use has advantages from a risk management perspective, which makes it more attractive for investors. Targeted public support can help to reduce risk further, and open up an opportunity for scaled up private involvement in sustainable land use activities.Our research reveals uneven progress in national efforts to catalyzeprivate investment in SLU. But some progress was evident in each location, with a growing diversity of activities, actors and financial services. Advances in credit delivery notwithstanding, further efforts are needed in each location to provide smallholders with access to affordable a nd sufficient finance. Specifically, more innovative financial tools will be needed to plug this gap.