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  • CIFOR-ICRAF
    Check out cifor-icraf.org!

    The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR and World Agroforestry (ICRAF) joined forces in 2019, leveraging a combined 65 years’ experience in research on the role of forests and trees in solving critical global challenges.

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    World Agroforestry (ICRAF) is a centre of science and development excellence that harnesses the benefits of trees for people and the environment. Leveraging the world’s largest repository of agroforestry science and information, we develop knowledge practices, from farmers’ fields to the global sphere, to ensure food security and environmental sustainability.

     

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    Driven by our vision of a world where all people have viable livelihoods supported by healthy and productive landscapes, our global team of science, research, development, institutional and resource professionals seeks to better combine the science of discovery with the science of delivery. To realize this vision, we focus on four key interacting themes: By combining more productive trees with more resilient and profitable agricultural systems and a sounder understanding of the health of the soil, land and people that is part of ‘greener’, better governed landscapes, we offer valuable and timely knowledge products and services to the global community as it tackles the major challenges of the Anthropocene. These include dealing with climate change; low soil carbon; widespread forest, tree and soil loss leading to degradation; poverty; demographic upheavals and conflict; and securing equitable futures for all with a special focus on women and children.

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    • Discover Agroforestry
    A climate change atlas for Africa of tree species prioritized for forest landscape…

    Our Climate Change Atlas for African trees shows how alterations in environmental condi

    Read More
    The Resources for Tree Planting Platform

    The Resources for Tree Planting Platform explains how to go about sourcing good quality

    Read More
    Agroforestry Species Switchboard: a synthesis of information sources to support tree research and development activities. Version 3.0
    Agroforestry Species Switchboard: a synthesis of information sources to support tree…
    Suggested citation: Kindt R, John I, Dawson IK, Graudal L, Lillesø J-P B, Ordonez J, Jamnadass R. 2022. Agroforestry Species Switchboard: a synthesis of information sources to…
    Read More

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Pendugaan jumlah total biomass tegakan hutan sekunder pada areal tebas dan bakar (Slash-and-Burn) dan pengaruhnya terhadap pH dan kerapatan Isis tanah di Sepunggur, Jambi
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1988

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Ambagau Y
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Yakub Ambagau'. Pendugaan Jumlah Total Biomassa Tegakan Hutan Sekunder Pada Areal Tebas clan Bakar (Slash-and Burn) dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap pH dan Kerapatan Isi Tanah di Sepunggur, Jambi. Dibawah Bimbingan Ir.Prijanto Pamoengkas, M.Sc dan Ir. Cahyo Wibowo, M.Sc. Pertambahan jumlah penduduk, perladangan berpindah dan pembalakan tak terkendali menyebabkan konversi hutan menjadi kawasan non hutan terus meningkat. Konversi hutan berkaitan erat dengan perubahan kondisi vegetasi hutan, yang pada akhirnya akan berpengaruh terhadap biomassa di dalam kawasan hutan, kesuburan tanah dan produktivitas lahan hutan. Sistern tebas dan bakar (slash-and-burn) sebagai salah satu teknik konversi hutan yang masih sering dipraktekkan (Seubert et aL, 1977 dalam Alegre clan Cassel, 1994) selain dapat menghasilkan asap, methane dan nitrogen oksida, juga sangat berpengaruh terhadap sifat kimia dan fisika tanah, diantaranya pH dan kerapatan isi (bulk density) tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah total biomassa sebelum penebangan pada tegakan hutan sekunder serta perubahan pH dan kerapatan isi tanah akibat sistem tebas dan bakar. Hipotesis yang mendasari penelitian ini adalah bahwa sistern tebas clan bakar dapat meningkatkan pH dan kerapatan isi (Bulk Density) tanah. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat plot berukuran 30 m x 40 m pada 4 lokasi (hutan Rakyat) yang berbeda. Untuk pendugaan biomassa, dilakukan pengukuran diameter dan tinggi total sernua pohon (diameter ~: 4 cm) dalam plot, kemudian dilakukan kalibrasi dengan menimbang 30 pohon yang terpilih dari semua plot berdasarkan diameter pohon yang dianggap mewakili diameter semua pohon yang ada di dalarn semua plot untuk menentukan berat basah dan berat kering total pohon. Untuk- penentuan pH dan kerapatan isi tanah, pada setiap plot, pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali (sebagai perlakuan), yakni sebelum dibakar, I hari setelah dibakar dan 5 minggu setelah dibakar. Untuk pH tanah, sampel tanah diambil pada kedalaman tanah 0 - 5 cm dam 5 - 15 cm. Untuk kerapatan isi tanah, sampel diambil berdasarkan kedalaman silinder (± 5 cm). Analisis yang digunakan untuk pendugaan biomassa adalah analisis regresi. Sedangkan pH (H20) dan kerapatan isi (Bulk Density) tanah dianalisis dengan menggunakan rancangan percobaan berupa Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Dengan analisis regresi antara diameter dengan berat kering total tiap bagian 30 pohon terpilih, maka diperoleh persarnaan pendugaan biomassa terbaik, yaitu Log,W = a + b Log,D. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa biomassa masing-masing plot berdasarkan persamaan pendugaan dengan memisahkan bagian-bagian pohon adalah 17.61 ton/plot (146.16 ton/ha) untuk plot 1, 4.24 ton/plot (35.19 ton/ha) untuk plot 11, 16.67 ton/plot (138.37 ton/ha) untuk plot III dan 11.86 ton/plot (98.44 ton/ha) untuk plot IV atau rata-rata biomassa setiap hektar adalah 12.60 ton/plot (104.54 ton/ha). Untuk persamaan pendugaan biomassa tanpa memisahkan antara. bagian-bagian pohon adalah 28.10 ton/plot (233.17 ton/ha) untuk plot 1, 6.38 ton/plot (52.93 ton/ha) untuk plot 11, 26.08 ton/plot (216.44 ton/ha) untuk plot III dan 18.22 ton/plot (151.20 ton/ha) untuk plot IV atau rata-rata biomassa per hektar adalah 19.69 ton/plot ( 163.43 ton.ha). Analisis pH (H,O) terhadap sampel tanah yang diambil dari masing-masing plot pada kedalaman tanah 0 - 5 cm dam 5 - 15 cm menunjukkan, bahwa sistern tebas dan bakar (slash -and-burn) meningkatkan pH tanah sebesar 0. 11 - 0.27 pada I hari setelah dibakar dan 0.42 - 0.82 pada 5 minggu setelah dibakar untuk kedalaman tanah 0 - 5 cm dan untuk kedalaman tanah 5 - 15 cm, berkisar antara 0.55 - 0.69 pada I hari setelah dibakar dan 0.54 - 0.77 pada 5 minggu setelah dibakar. Sedangkan kerapatan isi tanah ternyata tidak mengalami peningkatan setelah pembakaran. Hasil analisis sidik ragam yang diuji lanjut dengan Uji Jarak Duncan menunjukkan, bahwa pada kedalaman tanah 0 - 5 cm pada plot I dan 11, perlakuan yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap perubahan pH tanah adalah perlakuan 3 (5 minggu setelah dibakar) dan pada plot III dan IV, perlakuan yang paling berpengaruh adalah perlakuan 2 (1 hari setelah dbakar). Pada kedalaman tanah 5 - 15 cm pada plot 1, yang berpengaruh nyata adalah perlakuan 3 (5 minggu setelah dibakar) dan pada plot 11, 111 dan IV yang berpengaruh adalah perlakuan 2 (1 hari setelah dibakar). Untuk kerapatan isi (Bulk Density) tanah, plot I menunjukkan, bahwa tidak ada perlakuan yang berpengaruh nyata, dan pada plot 11, 111 dan IV, perlakuan yang paling berpengaruh adalah perlakuan 2 (1 hari setelah dibakar). Jumlah biomassa dalam. hutan dapat dipengaruhi oleh jumlah pohon, jumlah daun, diameter pohon dan luas bidang dasar pH tanah dipengaruhi oleh garamgararn karbonat dari abu hasil pembakaran, pembentukan asam kuat, hidrolisis Na,CO, dan Na dapat ditukar (Foth dan Ellis, 1988), juga dipengaruhi oleh kejenuhan basa dan jenis kation yang te~erap (Hakim et. al., 1986). Kerapatan isi tanah dipengaruhi oleh suhu api, tetesan air hujan, kedalarnan tanah (Stelia et. al., 1976) dan ruang pori tanah (Hamzah, 1983) serta porositas, tingkat aerasi dan kapasitas infiltrasi tanah (Wilde, 1958). Persamaan pendugaan biomassa yang terbaik adalah dengan memisahkan antara bagian-bagian pohon dan bioamssa rata-rata tegakan hutan sekunder per hektar adalah 104.45 ton. pH tanah mengalami peningkatan setelah pernbakaran, sedangkan kerapatan isi tanah menuniukkan bahwa sampai 5 minggu setelah pembakaran tidak ada pengaruh nyata dari semua perlakuan. Dalam. pendugaan biomassa perlu dilakukan pengukuran dengan membedakan/memisahkan antara batang, cabang, ranting dan daun. Untuk mengetahui dengan pasti penyebab peningkatan pH tanah dan faktor yang menyebabkan kerapatan tanah tidak meningkat setelah pembakaran perlu diteliti lebih lanjut

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