In Indonesia, rapid development has brought extensive land use changes, especially in Sumatra where large scale immigration and other large scale projects took place. A basic hypothesis of ASB research is that smallholder slash and- burn accounts for a large share of forest conversion. However, until now, this hypothesis has not been tested in Sumatra. Two fundamental questions remain: how much land use change has resulted from large-scale (>10,000 ha) projects, like transmigration schemes and tree crop estates, and how much is the result of smallholder activity? In this project the extent and spatial distribution of large scale projects are analyzed The main aim is to compile a database for five provinces spanning the lowlands of Sumatra: North Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, and Lampung. This database will consist of spatial referenced data for land use at three dates (1976, 1986 and 1996) and spatial data for large scale projects with dates. Both databases will then be used in a land use “accounting” analysis for large scale actors.