Severe land degradation as a result of soil erosion and deforestation; land pressures due to high population increase, poor agricultural practices due to limited knowledge, poor livestock management, inadequate soil and water conservation measures, low food production, overharvesting of tree products and lack of good quality tree germplasm, poor soil fertility, land scarcity, pests and diseases and climate variability are the prevalent challenges that have led to food insecurity in Burundi over the years.